Systematic Evidence Mapping to Assess the Sustainability of Bioplastics Derived from Food Waste: Do We Know Enough?

The production of bioplastics from food loss and waste (FLW), termed FLW-derived bioplastics, is considered an attractive alternative to first-generation bioplastics. To our knowledge, a clear understanding the sustainability performance environmental, economic, technical, social aspects still lacking. This systematic evidence mapping aims fill this gap by undertaking reality check on life cycle multidimensional perspective underpinned systems thinking approach assess their potential revolutionise plastics economy. Results revealed that bioplastic highly complex uncertain. low technological readiness FLW valorisation processes under-researched logistics management regional scale currently withhold advancement in field. Nonetheless, progress looming, ensuring enables transition toward sustainable bioeconomy critical. Innovation both value chains urgently needed address challenges mitigate pollution. Yet, any steps forward need be holistically calculated yield benefits prevent unintended consequences.